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G. Buonanno, M. Dell'Isola, A. Frattolillo, L. Vanoli
MEASUREMENT OF WBGT INDEX IN AXIAL FLOW AS THE MAIN THERMODYNAMIC PARAMETERS VARY

Heat stress is a common problem throughout industry that depends also on some climatic parameters, such as the mean radiant temperature, air humidity, velocity and temperature. WBGT (wet bulb globe temperature) index is assumed in international standards as thermal stress index in job environments. It can be estimated directly, following the ISO 7243, by means of globe temperature, natural wet-bulb temperature and air temperature measurements or indirectly by means air temperature, humidity and velocity, and the radiative medium temperature. The aim of the present work is the experimental comparison between the two different methodologies to evaluate the WBGT index. The analysis is carried out in a wide range of thermodynamic properties and also for air velocity less than 0.5 m s-1.

M. Borovicka, A. Janac, P. H. Osanna
STABILITY OF PRIMARY STANDARD THERMOMETER

Developed new technology of heat procedure for preparation pure structure of platinum wire, which produce stable resistance coefficient, stable crystalline structure sturdy against contamination of inpurities. By this technology we produce Primary Standard Platinum Resistance thermometer what present high sable resistance thermometer with stability level ±2 to 3 × 10-4 K what is stability level of water triple point cells 273.16 ± 2 to 3 × 10-4 K, testing device in laboratory.
This publication is based on work sponsored by the U.S.-Slovak Science and Technology Joint Fund in cooperation with Agency for International Scientific and Technological Cooperation under Project Number 93 016.

J. Bojkovski, I. Pušnik, F. Bergelj
COMPARISON OF A NON-PRESSURE CONTROLLED CAESIUM HEAT PIPE WITH A FLUIDISED BATH

In the paper comparison of a non-pressure controlled caesium heat pipe with a fluidised bath containing alumina powder is presented. Both the heat pipe and the fluidised bath are used for calibration by comparison of contact thermometers (resistance thermometers, thermocouples, indication thermometers). Emphasis of comparison was on temperature stability, homogeneity of temperature (axial and radial gradients), usable depth, operating temperature range, maintainability, commercial availability, price and possibility of using a particular device for other purposes than calibration by comparison.

G. Begeš, I. Pušnik, J. Bojkovski
TESTING OF HEATING IN A BLACK TEST CORNER

The article describes implementing of a personal computer and the LabVIEW program in measurement of temperature rising in a black corner in testing laboratories. A testing device can be considered as a complete measurement system, which can be regularly calibrated and thus providing traceable measurements. Besides the automation of the measuring process traceability is the most important category that must be considered in accredited laboratories. The whole project with its extension could change the Heating part of the standard or more likely cause an edition of a new standard describing the Testing in the Black Corner. Important standards that should be taken into consideration are SIST EN 45001 and SIST EN 45002 (identical to EN 45001 and EN 45002). They include criteria for testing laboratories. The standard SIST EN 45001 describe general criteria for testing laboratories, while the SIST EN 45002 describe general criteria for assessment of testing laboratories. As an example the measurement of heating of a kitchen-range was made in the measurement system.

O. M. Velychko, O. A.-B. Akhmadov, Y. F. Pavlenko
CREATION OF NATIONAL STANDARDS SET IN UKRAINE

Abstract. The modern conditions and development prospects of electrical and magnetic quantities units standards in Ukraine, their comparisons with standards of other countries are considered.

J. C. Valente de Oliveira, J. A. Pires Alves
GEOMETRIC QUALIFICATION OF STANDARD RINGS AND PLUGS

This work aims to demonstrate the metrological capability of the Dimensional Metrology Laboratory of the National Institute of Metrology, Standardization and Industrial Quality (INMETRO) in the calibration of internal and external diameter standards. Reference systems are used to measure roundness, diameters, straightness of generators, squareness between a reference surface and generators and parallelism between generators. The roundness deviation is measured with a special form measuring machine, achieving a very small measurement uncertainty. The other features are measured with a system composed by a co-ordinate measuring machine (CMM) and a linear laser interferometer adapted to it.
Some technical considerations and cares that have to be taken when carrying out measurements aiming more accurate results are presented, as well as measurement results of a standard ring and a comparison between our laboratory and the ”Physikalisch- Technische Bundesanstalt ” (PTB - Germany).

F. Steger, M. Schwaiger, C. Schmitzer
A LABORATORY FOR NUCLEAR TEST BAN MEASUREMENTS

The Protocol of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT) calls for Radionuclide Laboratories certified by the Technical Secretariat to support the international monitoring system (IMS) for verification of the Treaty. Therefore a Radionuclide Laboratory at the Austrian Research Centers Seibersdorf (RL3) was installed.
To achieve the demanded minimum detection limit of 5 ìBq/m³ for Ba-140 (537 keV), the RL3 was constructed as a low level laboratory. The background of a high-purity Germanium detection system (HP-Ge) has been reduced by developing an active and passive detector shielding. The entire system is encapsulated in an iron-castle and placed into a fall-out shelter. The influence of radon was reduced by the installation of an air-conditioning system.
The final count rate, achieved over the energy interval from 40 keV to 2700 keV, amounts to 0.18 cps. The reduction factor, compared with the outdoor count rate, is approximately to 10³. Hence, the demanded detection limit for Ba-140 will be achieved by using a minimum measurement time of 24 hours.

J. Sladek
A NEURAL NETWORK MODEL 0OF A CMM APPLIED FOR MEASUREMENT ACCURACY ASSESSMENT

The paper presents research on CMM virtual modelling applied for assessment of measurement accuracy and a method of CMM errors identification. The idea of the proposed method of error estimation is based on the measurement of a workpiece plate (hole or ball), placed in the CMM measuring area in such way, that reference points compose a spatial grid. The difference between co-ordinates of particular shape elements midpoints obtained from workpiece calibration and the coordinates given by the CMM creates the error grid. This grid is a basis for a matrix method of CMM error identification. The identification matrix corresponds to the reference points distribution. The matrix model for the CMM error identification is composed of two component parts: one - CMM errors depending on the position in the measuring area of the tested machine and the other - independent of this position. An idea of a virtual model is based on artificial neural networks. Results of comparative research into various virtual models of measuring machines have been discussed.

W. Schwitz
EUROMET – THE EUROPEAN METROLOGY INFRASTRUCTURE

Today’s and tomorrow’s globalised economy and societal demands ultimately require a globally recognised measurement system and an intensified regional collaboration in metrology. These are corner stones for the mutual recognition of standards and certificates and hence for the acceptance of each other’s capabilities, competence, traceability of measurements to the International System of Units and of the quantitative results themselves.

A. Ryniewicz, M. Kowalski, J, Gawlik
THERMAL DEFORMATION OF MEASURING MACHINES

The paper presents the system for temperature fields analysis of coordinate measuring machines. The system should allow the following operations: temperature measurements on the surface of selected CMM units and elements according to the adopted strategy, controlling the operations of the measurement systems, conducting the calibration and correction of measurement sensors, mathematical analysis with the finite element method and graphic presentation of results.

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