Modulus of the local temperature gradient and heat flux along a transparent plane-parallel plate may be measured using a single-beam optical scheme and registering an amplitude of Fabry-Perot optical resonances by the spectral scanning over a narrow interval. This interval is of the order of nanometer at probing wavelength of ~1 µm when 1-mm-thick semiconductor single crystal is used as heat conductor and as flux sensor, simultaneously.

The scanning mode of calorimetry in plasmas is developed to study both kinetic and energetic characteristics of surface chemical reactions and catalytical processes which result in heat release at the surface under plasma exposure. The main goal of scanning calorimetry in plasmas is to determine separately a contribution of each kind of heat transfer to the total heat flux from a plasma to a surface. A heat of reaction of plasma chemical etching the silicon single crystal is measured experimentally by comparison of temperature dependencies of heating rate for two calorimeters having different surface properties.

Wire method of calibration for R type thermocouple has reevaluated. Four kinds of source material of Pd wire was distributed and R type thermocouples from the same spool of wire were used among 7 members of the study group to equalize the experimental condition. More than 140 runs of the palladium point were performed. To avoid ambiguity in assigning Emf to the palladium melting point a data analysis program was developed which can determine a unique Emf from the data and can reject low quality plateau. Reproducibility expressed in terms of standard deviation is 0.18 K which is better than the previous results.

An active multiband pyrometer for non-contact temperature measurement of objects of unknown and spectrally-dependent emissivity was developed. It enables temperature measurement of the objects of temperature within 500°C-1200°C range with a speed up to 1500 Hz. The pyrometer consists of a source of infrared radiation that emits radiation on the object under measurement and a receiver that measures radiation reflected and emitted by the object into four narrow spectral bands. Tests show that the developed pyrometer enables temperature measurement of real selective objects with the standard uncertainty equal to 1 % of the output temperature in its temperature measurement range.

This paper describes the realization of the International Temperature Scale of 1990 (ITS-90) from 83,8058 K to 692,677 K at INMETRO. A brief review is given of the apparatus employed at the thermometry laboratory. Additionally, it also shown how the uncertainties are evaluated following closely the rules prescribed in the ISO guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement.