Reference (especially two- and three-point) methods could not be applied to the accurate measurement of roundness profiles because of various drawbacks. Theoretical and experimental studies have proved that the only way to eliminate these drawbacks is to mathematically transform the profile measured by a reference method into the real profile. The transformation, whose fundamentals are presented and discussed in this work, enabled the development of an original computer program. The mathematical model of the transformation was statistically tested by means of a specially developed computer measuring system, and the results provided basis for the construction of measuring systems applicable to accurate measurements of roundness profiles directly in production.

A photoelastic coating method was applied for ligament surface strain measurement on the flat-shape MCL and the irregular-shape ACL. Strain measurement for the MCL using VDA system found that the strain values were higher on both the tibial and femoral insertions than on the midsubstance. In the ACL however, higher strains were observed only on the femoral insertion, but not on the tibial insertion. Similar results were found form our photoelastic measurements subject to the coronal models of MCL and ACL, as well as the actual MCL and ACL. Therefore the strain along the fiber line may vary according to the morphologies of the ligaments.

The aim of this paper is to compare the performance of three different methods, i.e., neural network with backpropagation learning, neural network with genetic-algorithm-based learning, and genetic-algorithm-based (GA-based) fuzzy logic approach, for automated discrimination of myocardial heart disease. In our experiments, a total of 90 samples of echocardiographic images from 45 subjects were used. Four statistical features, namely, angular second moment, contrast, correlation and entropy, were extracted from each image. These four features were subsequently used in our classification schemes. Our results showed that the GAbased fuzzy logic approach is superior to the other two methods. This method enables the classification to achieve a 95.9% of the average recognition rate. Thus the use of GA-based fuzzy logic approach has the potential to become clinically useful for the computer-aided diagnosis of the heart disease.

The paper presents results of the simulation of the light scattering phenomenon by red blood cells (RBC) under reduction of the osmotic pressure in ektacytometry. The modified anomalous diffraction theory was used to describe single light scattering by RBC for small scattering angles and allowed approximation of changing shape and size of RBC. Approximation of RBC by ellipsoidal and spheroidal particles were considered. The changes in the optical properties of the blood-sodium chloride suspension induced by the osmolality reduction have been registered in a form of the intensity patterns. Shape parameters deformability (DI) and ellipticity (EI) from the simulated intensity patterns were used for deformability evaluation. The model well approximates the behaviour of RBC in hypotonic media in ektacytometry, although the deformability curves of RBC (DI) from constant observation points deviate from the real RBC ellipticity. It is caused by the increase of the RBC volume during osmolality changes. The results showed that cellular sphericity is more significant on RBC deformability than the RBC hemoglobin optical properties.

Magnetopneumography is a method of detection of ferromagnetic dust respired into the lungs by means of their remanent magnetic field. Our target is to develop low-cost ambulatory system based on fluxgate gradiometer, suitable for routine examination of exposed workers. We have built 40 cm airgap, 80 mT field electromagnet for magnetization of the whole lungs in vivo and fluxgate gradiometer to be used for scanning measurements. The in-vivo measurements had shown that the fluxgate gradiometric system has sufficient sensitivity and spatial resolution to detect particles of grinding dust and welding fumes. Measured gradients were up to 280 nT/m.