Numerical procedures for detection of deterministic chaos in non-linear time series have been prepared. The procedures include reconstruction of the phase space, estimation of the maximal Lyapunov exponent and calculation of capacity and correlation dimensions. Prepared algorithms have been successfully tested with simulated data of the Hénon map and the logistic equation, and then used for investigation of the respiratory rate variability (RRV). The dimensions of the RRV signal in the phase space reconstructed are rational numbers and the Lyapunov exponent is positive, suggesting that the respiratory oscillator exhibits chaotic dynamics. An estimate of the RRV attractor dimension can be a potential indicator of abnormalities in respiratory system activity.

In this paper, we developed a left ventricular (LV) wall motion analysis method, and developed a display method of the motion on personal computer monitor.
To know precise rotation or deformity, identifiable landmarks must be located. The MRI tagging makes it possible to estimate the regional wall motion noninvasively. We tried to estimate the precise LV wall motion by the MRI tagging.
Tagging is achieved by selective saturation pulse method. The difference of the signal intensity between tagged and nontagged regions persist for 400-700 milliseconds.
We display the tag point movement as animation, and display the rotation & contraction curve on the same computer monitor.

The present work concerns the application of magnetostrictive soft magnetic amorphous ribbons for the detection of displacements or weak forces. The principle of signal generation is based on permeability changes as a result of mechanical stress acting in band direction. The elastic band is fixed at one end while the second one is displaced or loaded normal to the band axis. For high sensitivity, a bimetal band is used which comprises a non-magnetic carrier ribbon in addition to the magnetic ribbon. The sensitivity can be increased by increased thickness of the carrier ribbon. Further it can be optimized by pre-magnetization and by specifically adjusted measurement frequency. The low-cost, low-mass sensor allows to detect forces down to about 1 mN.

The exact measurement of the intraocular pressure is of great diagnostic importance in the field of ophthalmology. According to the international standard DIN EN ISO 8612, the tonometers being used are subject to strict type approval and, furthermore, must be checked on a regular basis.
For calibration of one of the most widely used and most precise tonometers known as applanation tonometers usually a mechanical cross-beam balance is being employed at present. However, as the use of this type of test equipment requires a lot of time and yields test results of limited accuracy only, it does no longer meet the requirements of an objective, metrological quality control. When using other conventional weighing or also force measuring equipment, such as DMS sensors or electromagnetically force-compensated balances, it was not possible to obtain the required parameters either because of insufficient accuracy or the prescribed horizontal service position.
With the aim to provide a solution to the above problem, this paper presents a new, optical interference test equipment which permits to carry out an automated test procedure of applanation tonometers of various types at very high speed, thus reducing the testing times of about 30 minutes at present to 5 minutes.

Rapid detection of microorganisms in liquid samples by means of electric impedance measurements has become a world-wide applied hygienic standard method. A so-called raster electrode method, specifically adapted for measurements on microorganism cultures, yielded effective analyses of dielectric properties providing information on both the dielectric properties of the liquid culture medium and the properties of the inserted electrodes. Without the need of reference measurements of electrode characteristics, the method allows for the low frequency determination of a cell culture's conductivity σ and permittivity ε as a function of cell concentration n. For routine monitoring of long-term growth processes, the novel method takes advantage of σ but also of time changes of the boundary layer's electric impedance and contact voltage. Accelerated detections are striven for by a pre-concentration of cells by dielectrophoresis prior to the impedance measurement. The new methods prove to be effective tools for the detection of different types of bacteria and yeast which show high relevance in food technology or medicine.