Until now, nobody succeeded in forming algorithm describing photon beam incident on the surface at 90 deg (sliding light). Due to the importance of this problem, we decided to solve it experimentally. The experiments started with measurement of extremely long microbores with focused laser microbeam. In the second stage of experiments we designed a simple model of Photon Batching Device (PBD) generating photon beam within the range from a few tens of photons up to several millions photons per second. At this level the corpuscular character of light dominates over its wave character. In the experiments an adjustable microbore was used (3mm long and 100 µm in diameter). The outgoing energy, for particular microbore, was determined by scanning linearly and angularly the bore with photon beam and integrating the results.
The application of PBD has been extended to the measurement of microgaps formed of silicon samples of different slot thickness (100 - 500 µm) and width (0 - 3 µm). Finally, a new experimental setup was designed according to the schematic of Mach-Zender interferometer. One of the mirrors is fixed to piezoceramics and oscillating at the frequency 20 kHz. The intensity of signal beam I_s and heterodyne beam I_h were regulated independently over wide limits by attenuators.
In experiments, it was studied the influence of the aperture size on the beating signal with the equal power of I_h and I_s signals (the calibrated diaphragms had diameters 500, 50, 10 and 5 µm). Photons penetrate the opening 5 µm, it means that their transverse size is less than 5 mm.

Web service (WS) is a fast growing technology. A set of WS is one of the best applications of multi-agent system, i.e. a WS is represented by an agent. This fact results in WS encapsulation and causes difficulty to track its internal behaviour. One solution of this problem is to use a notification system, where changes in WS are represented by a set of notification messages. The set of notification messages gives only static information about WS. If time 1 between notification messages is considered, then a web service dynamics can be described.
This article proposes an approach for estimating WS runtime and prediction of WS operation faults. Prediction of WS runtimes can optimize scheduling and support efficient use of grid resources. In our approach we propose to estimate expected WS runtime based on WS invocation parameters using case-based reasoning and prediction of WS operation faults using rule-based reasoning.
This article consists of two main parts. The first one includes introduction into reasoning and its two special types, namely case-based and a rule-based reasoning. In the second section, prediction of WS runtime is presented. In the third section, the diagnostics of web service operation faults is offered.

The diagnostics of networked systems has concentrated on diagnostics of network nodes. We present a statistical modelling method which supports analysis and diagnostics of the network as whole, in particular, of coher- ent states and state transitions. We describe nodes with dis- crete states statistically affected by external load. In a net- work the effective load on a node is a sum of the external load and an effect due to the states of neighbouring nodes. Such effective loads introduce statistical dependence be- tween states, and eventually coherent behaviour of the net- work. This presentation describes how such models are identified from data and discusses how the models support network-wide diagnostics.

Transformer reliability and availability are keys to a profitable process of power generation and transmission. On-line supervision of transformers improves their reliability, positively influencing correct and safe functioning of the whole power system. To achieve the desired transformer availability, the user should have information about the transformer state and operating conditions. Especially, he should have information about incipient faults before they escalate into failures. A transformer monitoring system with ability to supervise all the significant transformer parameters is the proper way to obtain valuable information, and on the basis of trustworthy information to achieve the desired reliability and availability, personnel and environment safety.
Diagnostics combined with monitoring information results in better diagnostic decisions and recommendations.
Information obtained through monitoring system enables also transformer producers to improve and optimize the design and the production process on the basis of real-time operating parameters, what results in better features of transformers.
The insurance companies scale insurance premium for equipment insurance according to the state of equipment, frequency of failures and other information based on risk evaluation. The monitoring system information could provide data for evaluation of the transformer state and prediction of possible failures, what is important for insurance.

Highly precise measuring of 3D displacements in the vicinity of the crack tip by using object grating method enables the visualization of deformation and characterization of the crack propagation process.
Modified CTOD concept based on deformations analysis along the set of lines shifted in direction of the crack propagation is introduced. Through the visualization it provides comprehension of specimen’s behavior in conditions of high stress concentration and large displacements.
Object grating method is advantageously used to analyze two specimens with initial crack in a macroscopic heterogeneous welded joint. The crack propagates from the over-match (OM) material towards the under-match (UM) material or vice versa, when the crack propagates in the opposite direction.
The results of the experiments show the potential of object grating method for acquiring deformation field around the crack tip because is enabled to observe the fracture behavior in heterogeneous material structure during the crack propagation.