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B. Aydemir, H. Dizdar, C. Vatan
THE METHOD PROPOSAL FOR CALIBRATION OF THE ALIGNMENT CELL

The alignment measurements of material testing machines can be made according to ASTM E1012 and ISO 23788 standards. These standards provide information on alignment devices, alignment measurement, and post-measurement calculations. However, they can't make a definition for the calibration of the alignment measuring device. For this purpose, this article has been prepared as a recommendation for the calibration method of the alignment measuring devices and the evaluation after the measurements. In this study, the calibration method of the alignment measuring device is defined and the calculations are given clearly with two different numerical examples.

B. Aydemir, H. Dizdar, C. Vatan
INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECT OF WAITING TIME IN FORCE STEPS DURING FORCE CALIBRATION

In this study, the effects of the waiting time in the force steps on the calibration results during the calibration of force measuring devices was investigated. For measurements, strain gauge force measuring device and piezoelectric force measuring device were selected. Both force transducers are calibrated to the ISO 376 standard. The waiting times in force steps during calibration were taken as 1 s, 10 s and 60 s. The effects on the results obtained at different waiting times was investigated. Changes in results for both sensors were examined.

Y. Yamakawa, T. Yamazaki
SIMPLIFIED MODEL OF MASS MEASUREMENT SYSTEM WITH CONSIDERATION OF VARIATION OF FULCRUM POSITION

This paper focuses on an analysis of behaviour of a dynamic mass measurement system. The goal of this paper is to propose a dynamic model of the system, which can reproduce dynamic behaviour to floor vibration. The dynamics of our system with electro-magnetic force compensation is approximated by a mass-spring-damper system, and an equation of motion is obtained. Model parameters are also estimated from experimental data. Then, comparisons of the proposed model with the previous model are carried out, and the effectiveness is also confirmed.

H. Dizdar, B. Aydemir, C. Vatan
EVALUATION OF THE EFFECT OF DYNAMIC VERIFICATION ON DIFFERENT TYPES OF FORCE SENSORS

This study includes measurements carried out according to ASTM E467 international standard by using different loading rates also force waveform sine, in order to comprehensively investigate dynamic verification in force sensors which have two different measuring principles. It has been aimed to reveal and evaluate the effect of dynamic verification on different types of force sensors.

M. Stock, S. Davidson, H. Fang
DISSEMINATION OF THE KILOGRAM FOLLOWING ITS REDEFINITION

On 20 May 2019 a new definition of the SI unit of mass, the kilogram, came into force. The kilogram is now defined based on a fixed numerical value of the Planck constant. This leads to a new situation for mass metrology that in principle every National Metrology Institute can realise the kilogram. To ensure global uniformity, the Consultative Committee for Mass and Related Quantities (CCM) recommended that during an initial phase the dissemination of the kilogram shall be internationally coordinated, by basing it on a so-called ‘Consensus Value’. This paper describes the different phases of the dissemination of the kilogram, the determination of the Consensus Value and its impact on national mass scales. The paper concludes with an outlook on future developments of kilogram realisation and dissemination techniques.

A. Nishino, M. Hamaji, K. Ogushi
INTERNAL COMPARISON BETWEEN A REFERENCE TYPE TORQUE CALIBRATION MACHINE AND A 10 N·m DEADWEIGHT TORQUE STANDARD MACHINE

A reference torque calibration machine (RTCM) has been developed to validate the calibration of efficient torque transducers. In this study, the calibration and measurement capability (CMC) of the RTCM was evaluated based on the technical guideline. We also compared the RTCM and a 10 N·m deadweight torque standard machine at the National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ) using a torque measuring device with a nominal capacity of 1 N·m.

A. Brüge
DETERMINATION OF THE LINEARITY FINE STRUCTURE OF BRIDGE AMPLIFIERS BY MECHANICAL MEANS

In high-resolution investigations of bridge amplifiers, researchers at PTB using cascaded inductive voltage dividers recently detected a fine sawtooth structure in the characteristic curves of certain amplifier types. These results have now been confirmed using simple mechanical means. For many laboratories, the easy availability of the method presented here opens up the possibility of independently estimating the extent of the measurement uncertainty contributions caused by the sawtooth structure.

Yuanchao Yang, Kun Ma, Tom Rubin, Xiaojuan Feng, Bowen Wang
ANALYSIS OF THE OUTGASSING IN AN OPTICAL PRESSURE STANDARD

Outgassing effects in a Fabry-Perot cavity based optical pressure standard (OPS) developed at NIM were studied at low pressures using a pressure rising method. The pressure rising curves were recorded by the OPS and a calibrated pressure transducer simultaneously. The pressure values assessed by the OPS were dependent on the gas refractivity parameters and deviated from the transducer values. From the difference, the effective molar polarizability of the accumulated gases was deduced and found to be close to the parameter of water vapour and increased with time. It supported that the accumulated gas in the OPS was composed of water vapor from outgassing and a small amount of air from leakage. To lower the outgassing effects, an external large vacuum chamber was attached to the OPS manifold. Finally, the pressure increase rate was reduced to ~ 50 mPa/h for a period of ~ 140 h, and ~ 27 mPa/h for the first 20 h.

S. Molto, T. Rubin
RESEARCH ON PIEZO-ELECTRIC MATERIALS TO BE USED IN PRESSURE MEASUREMENTS

Quantum-based methods have the potential to become primary standards for the SI unit of pressure, the pascal. Some of these standards are based on the determination of the refractive index of a gas under different pressure conditions by Fabry-Perot (FP)-based refractrometry methods. These methods depend on the control of other quantities, mainly the temperature and the mechanical stability. Ideally, the use of an improved cavity with piezo-electric and elasto-optic characteristics will allow for a novel and improved control of the effects of these parameters.

Urh Planko, Andrej Svete, Jože Kutin
DYNAMIC CALIBRATION OF PRESSURE SENSORS WITH THE USE OF DIFFERENT GASES IN THE SHOCK TUBE

This paper studies the possibilities of increasing the amplitude range of the generated pressure steps in the developed diaphragmless shock tube by using appropriate combination of gases in the driver and driven sections of the shock tube. The measurement results of the generated pressure steps using different combinations of lower- and higher-molecular-weight gases as driver and driven gas are presented. By comparison of the resulting pressure steps generated in the diaphragmless shock tube, the most appropriate combination of the driver and driven gas for generating the largest pressure step amplitudes is determined and discussed.

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