At the Institute for Machine Elements and Machine Design three different escalator (moving staircase) gearboxes were tested to compare their coefficient of efficiency. The tested gears are two worm gears and a bevel-spur gear. The two worm gears differ in its tooth shape (hollow flank – involute flank).
For this purpose a test bed consisting of gearbox, electric motor and regulated pendulum generator was built up.
To calculate the coefficient of efficiency it is necessary to measure the input- and output-torque at both gear shafts. First is done by measuring the effective power (2- Wattmeter Method) of the electric motor. The second value, the output-torque, could be controlled with aid of the brake generator and is exactly known.
The coefficient of efficiency of each gear is measured for both directions at idle, 25%, 40%, 50%, 75% and full load.

The article deals with experimental determination of fluid coupling forces acting on tubes that are in a cross flow. The real tube bundle is simulated by a System of cylindrical dummies. The method utilizes the possibility of superposition, and on this principle the forces are measured in pairs of dummies. During the tests both the tubes are excited by aerodynamic forces and also by sinus forces of two electrodynamic vibrators. There are 6 unknown values that must be solved: inertia, dumping, elastic aerodynamic and mechanical forces. The appropriate movement equation is complex, and so for filling its coefficients it is enough to measure three times: in flowing gas, in stagnant gas, and in not flowing liquid. During the measurements the deflection amplitude of dummies and frequency must be kept constant. The measured quantities are amplitude of deflections, vibrator current proportional to the force, and the phase between them. Only displacement mechanism forces are taken into account.

This paper describes a force calibration machine of 10 MN capacity which consists of a loading frame, built-in force transducers, a hydraulic generating unit and a control unit. This machine is traceable to national force standard as being calibrated by the build-up force transfer standard of 10.8 MN capacity which consists of nine force transducers of each having 1.2 MN capacity which was calibrated using the 498.2 kN deadweight force standard machine and the 2 MN hydraulic force standard machine. It revealed that the relative expanded uncertainty of the force calibration machine is less than 4.0 × 10^-4 (k = 2) in the range of 1 ~ 4.5 MN.

A study of the cutting force components (in axial and tangential direction) and wear process when drilling a glass fibre reinforced plastic and carbon prepreg was made. Four component piezoelectric dynamometer KISTLER 9272, fully controlled by a PC, and statistical assessment were used to measurement of the torque and forces. Multiple regression analysis was used to determine the complex relationships between cutting torque and forces versus the drill diameter, feed per revolution and machined material.
The recommended drilling material is sintered carbide (ISO grade K10-20) with the TiAlN coating because of the low cutting forces and the low wear rate. HSS and coated HSS suffers from the intensive flank wear, followed by high increments in the axial force and delamination of not-supported distal layers of the drilled material during drilling.

Microlaser sensors use the intracavity photoelastic effect in Nd:YAGlaser crystals to detect force and force-related quantities like torque, pressure and inertial acceleration. Error effects are caused by local and temporal temperature changes as well as by nonlinear influences of the laser crystal, its support and the load system. Measurement resolution is limited by seismic noise and nonreproducibility. We have achieved a low relative temperature coefficient of 10^-6/°C and a relative reproducibility of 10^-5 related to a maximum input load of 100 N. These results are advantageous properties compared with some competing force sensors.