Radu Dobrescu, Radu Varbanescu, Ana Lucia Varbanescu
INTEGRATED LEARNING SYSTEM FOR DATA ACQUISITION

The paper presents an enhanced learning and training system in data acquisition. This new method is the result of an interactive process for enhancing the learning activities for the students. The system was built to meet a new concept: "integrated learning", an approach that allows students to exercise their abilities in real applications. These applications are entirely specified, having well-defined constructive structures and well-known finish lines. The hardware platforms are built in layers, the most suitable solution for the multi-field approach. Working like this, the students have the opportunity to work on each level so that their solutions meet the requirements for each part of the application, and also take into account the compatibility restrictions.

Tsunehiko Nakanishi, Takeshi Fujisaki
AN OBSERVATION METHOD OF MOVING OBJECTS ON FREQUENCY DOMAIN

The indirect measurement methods like as image processing measurement are preferably used on the factory automation system because the complex data processing are requested on higher level measurement. On this case, the video system is regarded as the transducer, signal transmitter, signal conditioner and interface unit for a computer, and this system requires low costs by the mass production effect and has easiness of handling. On higher-level measurement, electric quantity must be changed to appropriate projective space though the electric quantity is directly used in the usual measurement such as time domain. The Fourier transformation is an example of the higher-level measurement; and is to change time domain to frequency domain. One of the frequency domain methods to measure object movement using image processing method is shown in this report.

Frank Härtig, Christian Keck, Karin Kniel, Heinrich Schwenke, Franz Wäldele, Klaus Wendt
IMPROVEMENT OF MEASUREMENT ACCURACY BY COMBINED EVALUATION OF CMM AND TRACKING INTERFEROMETER MEASUREMENTS

This paper presents a novel approach to improve the accuracy of coordinate measuring machines (CMM) by integrating a single high precision tracking interferometer (TI) as an additional measurement axis. Improved positions are obtained by a combination of the CMM positions as read from the scales and the distances produced by the TI. Monte-Carlo simulations of length and flatness measurements show that the uncertainties can be reduced considerably by an appropriate configuration. First measurements confirm the results of preliminary simulations.

Hiroshi Watanabe
THEORY OF COARSE-GRAINED INFORMATION

Measurement should be objective in principle. However, the accuracy of measurement often depends on various factors, including instruments of measurement, adopted intentionally or made available accidentally, and from a practical point of view, it is important to choose a suitable degree of the accuracy of measurement for the intention of measurement. The present paper discusses some information-theoretical aspects of the relationship between the degree of the accuracy of nominal description of objects and the interdependence among groups of those objects within a formal framework of clustering, where a new entropic measure of interdependence is applied to estimate the change of the interdependence when the nominal description becomes more `coarse’ so that several objects appear to be identical, and are grouped into the same class. The degree of interdependence is often measured by (sum of entropies of partial systems) - (entropy of the whole). Close examination shows, however, that instead of simple formal entropy we should take rather (the number of the members of a group) × (entropy of the group). The result also implies that in integration of information channels the average entropy plays an important role. A brief discussion is also made on elicitation of so-called information granules.

Shaomin Zhou, Jouko Halttunen
CONSITENCY PROFILE MEASUREMENT IN PULP BASED ON ELECTRICAL IMPEDANCE TOMOGRAPHY

This paper describes a low cost system to measure the consistency profile of pulp based on electrical impedance tomography (EIT). A 16-electrode sensor is applied to acquire the cross-sectional data. Data acquisition is controlled by a single-chip computer, which receives commands from host computer, initializes hardware, acquires data and sends them to host computer via a serial port. All the measurement parameters such as the amplitude and frequency of the injected current can be set by software in host computer. The consistency profile image is reconstructed by modified Newton-Raphson algorithm. Comparing to conventional method, it is non-invasive and low cost.