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Aimé Lay-Ekuakille, Giuseppe Vendramin, Amerigo Trotta
MicrodsPIC Features for Lidar Measurements

Flexible and programmable components have been playing a key role in many electronic systems. Lidar systems can be improved by means of component and electronic progress, especially in data collection, acquisition and processing. The objective of present paper is to show the design of an electronic unit capable of substituting Raman lidar - based discriminator and multichannel scaler. For this experiment, a Hamamatsu H7732P-01 photomultiplier has been used.

Fernando M. Janeiro, Frank Wagner, Pedro M. Ramos, Ana M. Silva
Automated Atmospheric Visibibility Measurements using a Digital Camera and Image Registration

In this paper, a prototype for automatically measuring the atmospheric visibility using a digital camera is described. The dark object approach is used on the images obtained by the camera. In this method, two dark objects must first be identified in the images so that visibility can be derived using the modified Koschmieder formula. Due to inherent camera positioning shifts, the images are not always aligned which leads to an altered position of the chosen objects. Therefore, image registration algorithms are needed so that the atmospheric visibility can be automatically retrieved. The dark object approach and the image registration algorithms are described. Results for a clear day and for an hazy day are presented.

Martin Lloyd
Performance Standards and Test Procedures for Environmental Data Management Software

Environmental regulators must have confidence in the complete measurement sequence: from sample point to measurement report. Thus, they need to be confident not only in the measurement instruments that acquire the data but also in the data management software that processes, stores, and prepares reports. This paper describes a new data management software standard for the UK Environment Agency’s MCERTS scheme, which hitherto has only covered instruments. Our approach divides the standard into three parts: the generic quality of the software, which is not addressed here, because it concerns software engineering; the generic features of data management; and the application-specific features, referred to here as the ‘sector standard’. We focus on generic data management: the need for a mathematical specification of any signal processing and calibration; auditability and traceability; and reporting. We have used the standard to conduct audits of data management products; these audits and feedback from diverse industrial bodies who have reviewed the standard, together indicate that it is appropriate for the certification of environmental data management applications.

Fabrizio Ciancetta, Biagio D’Apice, Carmine Landi, Alfredo Pelvio
Mobile Sensor Network Architecture for Environmental Monitoring

Environmental sensors are developed and used for environmental assessment such as electromagnetic field, thermal and air environments. The specified items for the thermal environmental assessment are temperature, humidity, and air flowing rate and so on, and the items for air environmental assessment include all kinds of gas sensor. The main goal of this paper is to present an implementation of an environmental mobile sensor for distributed measurement system based on the web service approach. The proposed system is based on a freeware widely utilized technology, the Gnutella network, to route and share information adopting a low-cost hardware architecture. This solution offers great possibility in terms of fast and easy access to measured data, of integration of large complex Web sensor network, of realization of flexible custom applications and of service reusability. The goal is to give the possibility to every client and every developer to obtain only the needed information or to develop new measurement application starting with different information also coming from different sensors.

O. Postolache, P. Silva Girão, J.M. Dias Pereira
Wireless Embedded Air Multi-Parameter Measuring System

The article presents an embedded solution for the measurement of air parameters such as flow direction, flow velocity, temperature and relative humidity. The air flow velocity and direction measurement is based on a solid state sensor expressed by a set of ultrasound transmitters-receivers disposed according to the main cardinal points. 40kHz ultrasound burst signals are emitted from one cardinal point transmitter and received from the opposite cardinal point receiver whose conditioning circuit delivers a TTL pulse. The widths of the pulses obtained by the receivers are used not only to calculate air flow velocity and direction but also the temperature. Signal multiplexing, the trigger pulse generation, pulse width measurement and data acquisition associated with an additional relative humidity sensing channel are performed by a microcontroller (PIC18F452). The digital values associated with the measuring channels are transmitted using an ER400TRS RF wireless module that permits a point to point connection between the RS232 ports of the microcontroller and a host PC where the advanced processing and data publishing is carried out.

J.M. Dias Pereira, O. Postolache, Ricardo Salgado, P. Silva Girão
Voltammetry Based Automated Instrument for In-situ and Online Measurement of Heavy Metals Concentration in Water

Data processing of measurement data is a topic of paramount importance in every measurement system. Obviously sensors, signal conditioning and microprocessor specifications dictate important metrological characteristics of an embedded measurement system, namely: accuracy, resolution, repeatability and reliability. However, nowadays smart sensing systems and advanced signal processing techniques can improve measurement system’s performance and flexibility relaxing hardware specifications and associated cost. This paper pays particular attention to curve fitting based on Gaussian interpolation techniques. Experimental voltammetry data is used to evaluate heavy metals concentrations in water. Advantages of Gaussian interpolation techniques to detect heavy metals and associated concentrations will be highlighted using a comparative analysis with the results provided by classical interpolation methods.

Oleh Velychko, Tetyana Gordiyenko
Estimation Of Uncertainty With Correlation Values In International Metrological And Environmental Guides

Peculiarities of the expression of uncertainty estimation with correlation or covariance of input values, using parameters of correlation and covariance in international metrological and environmental guides are shown. The use of international metrological guidance of expression of measurements uncertainty with correlation or covariance of input values in development of new and reconsideration of old international environmental guides is recommended.

Boubakeur Zegnini, Laurent Boudou, Juan Martinez-Vega
An optical technique to measure the induced mechanical strain by a dc electric field in thin organic insulating films

An optical noncontact measurement technique based on the tracking of successive positions of computerized markers has been developed which enables one to characterize the electric field induced strain response of the plane gold-metalized surfaces in thin organic insulating films. The test results demonstrate that the newly developed method is capable of detecting displacement of selected markers when the sample is subjected to the application of a dc high voltage. The field-induced mechanical strain measurements have been performed as a function of time and then analyzed with respect to the applied electric field. The observed strain levels varied from ~10-3 to 10-2. The differences consisted mainly in the duration of dc electric field, the loading protocols, the thickness and the morphology of tested samples. The analysis of the strain characteristics indicates that this novel measurement technique can indeed be used reliably for giving a clear concept of breakdown mechanisms and aging phenomena in a polymeric material.

Junya Suehiro
Application of dielectrophoresis to fabrication of nanomaterial-based sensors

Dielectrophoresis (DEP) is electrokinetic motion of dielectrically polarized materials in non-uniform electric fields. DEP has been successfully applied to manipulation of nanomaterials including CNTs, metallic nanoparticles and semiconducting nanowires. Under positive DEP force, which attracts nanomaterials toward the higher field region, nanomaterials are trapped in the electrode gap and automatically establish good electrical connections between them and the external measuring circuit. This feature allows us a fast, simple and low-cost fabrication of nanomaterial-based sensors based on a bottom-up basis. This paper firstly presents a theoretical background of DEP phenomena and then reviews recent works of the present author, which were aimed to develop nanomaterial-based sensors, such as a carbon nanotube gas sensor and a ZnO nanowire photosensor, using DEP fabrication technique.

Thomas Prokosch, Jens Volkert, Dieter Kranzlmüller
Remote Instrumentation: Building an Infrastructure Using the Grid

The EU project "RINGrid" is a research project dealing with Remote Instrumentation in Next-generation Grids, i.e. instruments are seen as grid components and operated from remote sites. While this remote operation possibly entails trendemous benefits, several key components, such as scalable data storage or collaboration tools, are still missing for its realization. This paper outlines the process of remote instrumentation and highlights during this description those components, which are not yet fully understood or available.

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