Roberto Cesareo, Stefano Ridolfi, Antonio Brunetti, Ricardo T. Lopes, Giovanni E. Gigante
3D Imaging of Paintings by Scanning with a Portable EDXRF-Device

3D map of chemical elements distribution from energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) analysis would be a perfect conclusion to study in detail any type of artifact. This map can be easily achieved by using synchrotron light as source of radiation, and micro-optics both at the source and at the detector. In such a manner a micro-voxel is irradiated and detected, which can be at any depth with respect to the surface of the artifact. This method is effective but needs a synchrotron; therefore its use in archaeometry is greatly limited. An alternative method is proposed in the present paper, which uses the altered Kα/Kβ or Lα/Lβ-ratios to localize the chemical elements. This method employs a portable EDXRF-device, characterized by a small size X-ray tube and a Si-drift detector. Several examples are described.

Roberto Cesareo, Angel Bustamante, Régulo Franco Jordán, Arabel Fernandez, Soraia Azeredo, Ricardo T. Lopes, Walter Alva, Luis Chero, Antonio Brunetti, Giovanni E. Gigante, Stefano Ridolfi
Welding Brazing and Soldering of Gold and Silver by the Moche Tombs "Señor de Sipán" and "Señora de Cao"

About 200 gold and silver funerary ornaments from the Moche tombs "Señor de Sipán" and "Señora de Cao" were analyzed to determine their metallurgic characteristics. Of particular interest was the question about the gold-silver joining process. To this aim, following methods were employed, all based on the use of X-rays.

M. Mongelli, I. Bellagamba, G. Bracco, S. Migliori, A. Perozziello, S. Pierattini, A. Quintiliani, B. Mazzei
3D photogrammetric reconstruction by "Structure from Motion" as a monitoring technique for safety, conservation and improvement of the fruition of cultural heritage

In the last years, with the large growth of new state-of-the-art technologies used in the field of cultural heritage, it's increasingly necessary to promote non-invasive and non-destructive techniques which are "sensitive" to the nature of the site in which they are applied, respecting the Italian historical artistic heritage. Within the COBRA project [1], ENEA developed a new low-cost and non-destructive survey technique by 3D Photogrammetric reconstruction, using the Structure from Motion (SfM) method, for innovative applications in the field of cultural heritage [2]. This paper shows an application of this methodology on the archaeological complex of Priscilla's Catacombs in Rome. Three case studies have been identified, with several design purposes, showing the different applications of this technique: a sarcophagus called "Sarcofago delle Muse" , a chapel named "Cappella Greca" and a masonry element, which are all situated in the "Criptoportico" area.

Angela Diceglie, L.M.M. Lorusso
Non-destructive Techniques for the Knowledge and Conservation of Abbey-Castle at Santo Stefano, Monopoli (Bari).

In 2013, the University of Bari and the Center for Aerial Photography Laboratory Consortium in Bari, under the scientific direction of Angela Diceglie, launched an interdisciplinary study entitled "The Territorial Context and the Abbey-Castle of St. Stephen of Monopoli (BA): Knowledge, Conservation and Development, which aims to ensure the preservation and survival of the site while respecting its identity and uniqueness. The project is divided into a plan of awareness, conservation and development. Knowledge plan has been developing through a campaign of historical-documentary investigations, design and survey efforts, and non-invasive diagnostic tests as termografic analysis and archaeological reconnaissance of the site. We are starting a new research with georadar so we can confirm data of church and the monumental complex. The goals are that we were able to reconstructed major phases of occupation of the site since prehistoric period until modern age; so gaining more insight into the architectural, geometric-dimensional, historical-critical and material-construction aspects of the fortified remnant and the site.

A.Calia, D. Colangiuli, M. Lettieri, M. Masieri
Monitoring long run performances of multifunctional coatings for environmental protection of stone building surface

In this study, multifunctional TiO2 NPs/fluoropolymer coatings with self-cleaning and hydrophobic properties applied to a calcareous stone are investigated for long run performances in outdoor conditions. The coated samples were exposed over one year to an urban environment and their physical and photocatalytic properties were monitored. The study provides better insights on the real performances of nanostructured TiO2-based coatings for stones in buildings.